Effects of Biochar and Crop Residues Application on Chemical Properties of a Degraded Soil of South Malang, and P Uptake by Maize

Low productivity of food crops on marginal dry lands of South Malang, East Java occurs due to low levels of soil fertility in the region due to low soil organic matter content and low content of available P. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the combination of biochar and plant litter on chemical properties of a degraded soil of South Malang, and P uptake by maize. The treatments tested in this study was a combination of types of biochar (sugarcane litter biochar and maize litter biochar), and the type of fresh litter (sugarcane and maize). Biochar doses applied were 0, 20 and 40 t biochar / ha, whereas the doses of fresh litters applied were 0, 40, and 80 t litter / ha. Three maize seed of BISI 2 variety was grown in each pot (treatment) for 49 days. Nine treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that application of litter and biochar tended to lower pH, CEC, exchangeable Ca, and total P the soil studied. The interaction of litter and biochar did not significantly increase P availability in the soil. However, application of litter and biochar also increased P uptake by maize. The best treatment for maximum increase of P availability and uptake of P was application 80 t sugarcane fresh litter / ha and 40 t maize litter biochar / ha

Effects of biochar and crop residues application on chemical properties of a degraded soil of South Malang, and P uptake by maize

Low productivity of food crops on marginal dry lands of South Malang, East Java occurs due to low levels of soil fertility in the region due to low soil organic matter content and low content of available P. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the combination of biochar and plant litter on chemical properties of a degraded soil of South Malang, and P uptake by maize. The treatments tested in this study was a combination of types of biochar (sugarcane litter biochar and maize litter biochar), and the type of fresh litter (sugarcane and maize). Biochar doses applied were 0, 20 and 40 t biochar / ha, whereas the doses of fresh litters applied were 0, 40, and 80 t litter / ha. Three maize seed of BISI 2 variety was grown in each pot (treatment) for 49 days. Nine treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that application of litter and biochar tended to lower pH, CEC, exchangeable Ca, and total P the soil studied. The interaction of litter and biochar did not significantly increase P availability in the soil. However, application of litter and biochar also increased P uptake by maize. The best treatment for maximum increase of P availability and uptake of P was application 80 t sugarcane fresh litter / ha and 40 t maize litter biochar / ha

MANAJEMEN RISIKO

Manajemen risiko adalah suatu pendekatan terstruktur atau metodologi dalam mengelola ketidakpastian yang berkaitan dengan ancaman; suatu rangkaian aktivitas manusia termasuk: Penilaian risiko, pengembangan strategi untuk mengelolanya dan mitigasi risiko dengan menggunakan pemberdayaan/pengelolaan sumberdaya. Strategi yang dapat diambil antara lain adalah memindahkan risiko kepada pihak lain (transfer risk), menghindari risiko (avoid risk), mengurangi efek negatif risiko (mitigate risk), dan menampung sebagian atau semua konsekuensi risiko tertentu (accept risk). Manajemen risiko tradisional terfokus pada risiko-risiko yang timbul oleh penyebab fisik atau legal (seperti bencana alam atau kebakaran, kematian, serta tuntutan hukum. Manajemen risiko keuangan, di sisi lain, terfokus pada risiko yang dapat dikelola dengan menggunakan instrumen-instrumen keuangan. Sasaran dari pelaksanaan manajemen risiko adalah untuk mengurangi risiko yang berbeda-beda yang berkaitan dengan bidang yang telah dipilih pada tingkat yang dapat diterima oleh masyarakat. Hal ini dapat berupa berbagai jenis ancaman yang disebabkan oleh lingkungan, teknologi, manusia, organisasi dan politik. Di sisi lain pelaksanaan manajemen risiko melibatkan segala cara yang tersedia bagi manusia, khususnya, bagi entitas manajemen risiko (manusia, staff, dan organisasi)

Student Traveler : Let’s Explore Indonesia

Learning English is a must-have skill, particularly for the millennial generation, which will compete globally with people from all over the world. Mastering English is no longer a choice; it is an unavoidable must. Language, particularly English, serves as a portal to the rest of the world. Reading and writing are essential skills for all students, especially as they strive to become more insightful students who will be fully useful and knowledgeable human beings in the future. As a result, students will have the insight and knowledge necessary to construct and govern this country as future leaders. Writing, in addition to reading, is a requirement for demonstrating students’ linguistic competence. Writing is one of our methods for ensuring the survival and continuance of our information. This book chapter includes information that will help everyone to travel either all around Indonesia or the world